用語集
日本の伝統音楽によく書いている単語 （作曲と演奏）
| Otsu (or Ryo) | Lowest octave on the shakuhachi | ||
| カリ | カリ | Blow by putting the chin up, to raise the tone | |
| スリ | スリ | See suri age | |
| スリ上 | スリ上 | A slide upwards | |
| スリ下 | スリ下 | A slide downwards | |
| ナヤシ | ナヤシ | To begin pitch meri and rise to standard pitch | |
| フリ | フリ | A rapid meri/kari head dip. | |
| メリ | メリ | Blow by putting the chin down, to lower the pitch | |
| ユリ | ユリ | Vibrato | |
| 一寺一律 | 一寺一律 | One temple, one piece | |
| 一音成仏 | 一音成仏 | To reach enlightenment by the use of only one sound | |
| 三曲 | 三曲 | An umbrella expression meaning “three voices/instruments” used to describe a wide variety of ensemble music, including Sokyoku and Jiuta. The three instruments are often: Koto, Shamisen, and Shakuhachi. | |
| 三絃 | 三絃 | This three-stringed instrument with origins in Okinawa is often likened to the American banjo in sound. Slightly different versions exist to accommodate different traditional styles of music. | |
| 中唄 | 中唄 | Middle vocal section | |
| 前唄 | 前唄 | Opening vocal section | |
| 合の手, 合手, or 合 | 合の手, 合手, or 合 | Brief instrumental interlude within a vocal section (Mae-uta, Naka-uta, Ato-uta). | |
| 唄口 | 唄口 | The sharp blowing edge of the shakuhachi | |
| 地歌 or 地唄 | 地歌 or 地唄 | Music originally written for voice and shamisen originating in the Kansai region. | |
| 声明 | 声明 | A style of Japanese Buddhist chant. | |
| 外曲 | 外曲 | Literally, “Outside music”. Usually used by shakuhachi players to describe the music (particularly ensemble music) outside of the solo Honkyoku repertoire. | |
| 大甲 | 大甲 | Third (highest) octave on the shakuhachi | |
| 寸 | 寸 | 3.03 cm | |
| 尺 | 尺 | 30.30 cm | |
| 尺八 | 尺八 | A traditional Japanese, end-blown bamboo flute. Though the current form of the shakuhachi hasn’t significantly changed since the Edo Period, shorter, 6-holed versions of the shakuhachi in Japan date back to 752 CE when bamboo flutes with a similar blowing edge were gifted to Japan from Chinese ambassadors at an event in the capital city of Nara. The evolution of the shakuhachi from those early examples is unclear, but other versions of an end-blown, bamboo flute (Tenpuku and Hitoyogiri) eventually led to the thicker, heavier “Fuke Shakuhachi”with 5 finger holes and incorporating the root end of the bamboo at the bell. Though bamboo is still preferred, modern shakuhachi can be made in a variety of materials, (ABS plastic, wood, metal), but generally retain the shakuhachi’s unique angled blowing edge to produce tone. | |
| 延 | 延 | Slower | |
| 当り | 当り | To strike a finger hole | |
| 後唄 | 後唄 | Ending vocal section | |
| 或 | 或 | Alternate version | |
| 或無 | 或無 | Not played in some versions | |
| 手事 | 手事 | Musical Interlude | |
| 手事物 | 手事物 | Musical form with Tegoto | |
| 打(つ) | 打(つ) | Hit or strike | |
| 托鉢 | 托鉢 | The practice of begging for alms by monks / pieces played by Komuso when begging. | |
| 掛合 | 掛合 | Call and response section, usually indicated by brackets (「 and 」) at the beginning and end. | |
| 散らし or チラシ | 散らし or チラシ | Transitional section, usually between Tegoto and Ato-uta. | |
| 新曲 | 新曲 | New Pieces. Used mostly to describe early post Meiji era compositions influenced by western music. | |
| 早い、早 or 早く | 早い、早 or 早く | Faster | |
| 替手 | 替手 | Second part to be played along with the original melody line or a secondary arrangement of a piece. | |
| 本手 | 本手 | The main body of a piece. A melodic development in higher register. | |
| 本曲 | 本曲 | The original music, mostly solo pieces, for shakuhachi, often called Zen music due to the traditional history of the shakuhachi’s use as a tool for meditation. | |
| 果て | 果て | A light kind of honkyoku. Played in the afternoon when free from strict discipline of religion. | |
| 楽譜 | 楽譜 | Musical notation | |
| 段物 | 段物 | Scored in Dans (sections) without vocals | |
| 民謡 | 民謡 | Japanese folk songs. | |
| 流し | 流し | Playing in the street | |
| 玉音 | 玉音 | Flutter tongue technique | |
| 甲 | 甲 | Second (higher) octave on the shakuhachi | |
| 略線 | 略線 | One timing line omitted | |
| 童子曲 | 童子曲 | Children's song. Actually called "Dokyoku" | |
| 竹禅一如 | 竹禅一如 | The bamboo and Zen are as one | |
| 箏 | 箏 | Often referred to as “Japan’s National Instrument”, the koto is a long, horizontal multiple-stringed instrument with movable bridges that allow changes in scales and tuning, often during play. Its roots can be traced to similar instruments in both Korea and China. The standard version features 13 or 17 strings, but 25+ stringed versions have been available since the early 20th Century. | |
| 箏曲 | 箏曲 | Music originally composed for Koto. | |
| 組歌 | 組歌 | Pieces for Koto license | |
| 結び | 結び | Tying up, concluding. Final section of a piece. | |
| 胡弓 | 胡弓 | A stringed instrument resembling a Shamisen in construction (and also having origins in Okinawa) that is played with a bow. | |
| 能 | 能 | A major form of classical Japanese dance-drama that has been performed since the 14th century. | |
| 菅垣 | 菅垣 | The term Sugagaki, when used in Shakuhachi music, simply means pieces which are unrelated to the Fuke legend. The term Sugagaki also refers to a technique used in solo Koto music without voice. | |
| 調 | 調 | To check the sounds and move into the proper frame of mind before performing Honkyoku. Exploring / Investigating. | |
| 込吹 | 込吹 | Pulsing breath technique. | |
| 邦楽 | 邦楽 | Generally, music for traditional Japanese instruments. | |
| 都節 | 都節 | Ascending: D, Eb, G, A, C, D - Descending: D, Bb, A, G, Eb, D | |
| 鈴慕 | 鈴慕 | Yearning for the Bell | |
| 鉢返 | 鉢返 | Returning the bowl. | |
| 雅楽 | 雅楽 | Japanese Imperial Court music | |
| 高音 | 高音 | Section of a honkyoku piece usually played in the upper octave, often containing the climax of the piece. |